Estimate Shows India Could Quit Coal for $900 Billion
2023-04-02
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1A new estimate suggests India would need to spend about $900 billion to transition from coal to cleaner forms of energy.
2The estimate was recently released by the New Delhi-based environmental policy group iFOREST.
3iFOREST produced two reports that attempted to predict how much money it would take for India to move away from coal and other high-polluting fuels.
4The effort took into account the amount of money required to create new industry jobs for people employed at centers using coal and other fossil fuels.
5Climate and energy experts have long sought to study ways to limit the economic harms of transitioning to cleaner energy fuels.
6Such considerations have been called "just transition."
7iFOREST head Chandra Bhushan told The Associated Press that just transition should be seen as a chance "for India to support green growth in the country's fossil fuel dependent states and districts.
8To get the $900 billion number, the group studied four coal districts in India and identified eight different cost elements.
9These included things like equipment, buildings and training for workers to transition jobs.
10The reports suggest the biggest single investment to permit a just transition will be the cost of setting up clean energy infrastructure.
11That cost is estimated to be up to $472 billion by 2050. Getting workers new clean energy jobs will cost less than 10 percent of the total amount required, or about $9 billion.
12iFOREST said $600 billion would come as investments in new industries and infrastructure.
13An additional $300 billion would come in the form of government assistance to support coal industry workers and affected communities.
14Sandeep Pai is with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington D.C.-based policy group.
15He told the AP he thinks such a transition effort would be huge for India.
16He said the change could affect up to 20 million energy workers.
17"Reports like this are extremely important since the just transition conversation is beginning only now in India," Pai said.
18"We need much more," he added.
19Studies have shown that India releases a large amount of planet-warming gases.
20Only China, the United States and the European Union release more.
21India depends on coal for 75 percent of its electricity needs and for 55 percent of its overall energy needs.
22Earlier this month, the Indian government issued emergency orders requiring coal plants to run at full levels through this summer to avoid any power outages.
23Official numbers show the country's coal use is expected to be at its highest between 2035 and 2040.
24In 2021, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the country had set a goal to reach net zero emissions by 2070.
25Net zero is when a country removes as many emissions as it produces.
26United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres recently urged nations around the world to speed up their net zero goals.
27He called on developing countries to make 2050 their target year.
28The recent reports say that the Indian government should first aim to close its old and unprofitable mines and power centers.
29Over 200 of India's more than 459 mines can be closed in this way.
30"The energy transition has to start with coal," said Jayant Sinha, an Indian lawmaker who represents the coal-rich area of Hazaribagh in the central state of Jharkhand.
31Sinha added that the move to clean energy needs both money and support from the government and environmental groups.
32"Both of this must happen together," he said "for a successful transition."
33I'm Bryan Lynn.
1A new estimate suggests India would need to spend about $900 billion to transition from coal to cleaner forms of energy. 2The estimate was recently released by the New Delhi-based environmental policy group iFOREST. 3iFOREST produced two reports that attempted to predict how much money it would take for India to move away from coal and other high-polluting fuels. The effort took into account the amount of money required to create new industry jobs for people employed at centers using coal and other fossil fuels. 4Climate and energy experts have long sought to study ways to limit the economic harms of transitioning to cleaner energy fuels. Such considerations have been called "just transition." 5iFOREST head Chandra Bhushan told The Associated Press that just transition should be seen as a chance "for India to support green growth in the country's fossil fuel dependent states and districts. 6To get the $900 billion number, the group studied four coal districts in India and identified eight different cost elements. These included things like equipment, buildings and training for workers to transition jobs. 7The reports suggest the biggest single investment to permit a just transition will be the cost of setting up clean energy infrastructure. That cost is estimated to be up to $472 billion by 2050. Getting workers new clean energy jobs will cost less than 10 percent of the total amount required, or about $9 billion. 8iFOREST said $600 billion would come as investments in new industries and infrastructure. An additional $300 billion would come in the form of government assistance to support coal industry workers and affected communities. 9Sandeep Pai is with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington D.C.-based policy group. He told the AP he thinks such a transition effort would be huge for India. He said the change could affect up to 20 million energy workers. "Reports like this are extremely important since the just transition conversation is beginning only now in India," Pai said. "We need much more," he added. 10Studies have shown that India releases a large amount of planet-warming gases. Only China, the United States and the European Union release more. India depends on coal for 75 percent of its electricity needs and for 55 percent of its overall energy needs. 11Earlier this month, the Indian government issued emergency orders requiring coal plants to run at full levels through this summer to avoid any power outages. Official numbers show the country's coal use is expected to be at its highest between 2035 and 2040. 12In 2021, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the country had set a goal to reach net zero emissions by 2070. Net zero is when a country removes as many emissions as it produces. 13United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres recently urged nations around the world to speed up their net zero goals. He called on developing countries to make 2050 their target year. 14The recent reports say that the Indian government should first aim to close its old and unprofitable mines and power centers. Over 200 of India's more than 459 mines can be closed in this way. 15"The energy transition has to start with coal," said Jayant Sinha, an Indian lawmaker who represents the coal-rich area of Hazaribagh in the central state of Jharkhand. 16Sinha added that the move to clean energy needs both money and support from the government and environmental groups. "Both of this must happen together," he said "for a successful transition." 17I'm Bryan Lynn. 18The Associated Press reported this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English. 19_________________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21transition - n. a change from one kind of thing to another 22fossil fuels - n. fuels such as coal, oil, or natural gas that are formed in the Earth from dead plants or animals 23district - n. a part of a city or country 24infrastructure - n. the basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) needed for a country or area to operate 25conversation - n. a talk bewteen two or more people, usually informal 26emission - n. the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc. 27______________________________________________________________ 28What do you think of this story? We want to hear from you. We have a new comment system. Here is how it works: 29Each time you return to comment on the Learning English site, you can use your account and see your comments and replies to them. Our comment policy is here.